Starting level and typical ranges
These ranges use the starting level alone, before any of the facts listed below, for someone with no criminal record unless the column says otherwise. Most real cases add levels.
| Starting point | Level | Trial | Guilty plea | Plea + zero-point | Category IV, plea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Which registration tier was the person in: Tier I | 12 | 10–16 months | 6–12 months | 0–6 months | 15–21 months |
| Which registration tier was the person in: Tier II | 14 | 15–21 months | 10–16 months | 6–12 months | 21–27 months |
| Which registration tier was the person in: Tier III | 16 | 21–27 months | 12–18 months | 8–14 months | 24–30 months |
What changes the sentence
Each of these facts moves the offense level under §2A3.5. Adjustments that apply to every offense, such as role in the offense, obstruction, a guilty plea and criminal history, come after these.
| Fact | Effect | Rule |
|---|---|---|
| What happened while the person was unregistered: Committed a sex offense against an adult | +6 | §2A3.5(b)(1)–(2) |
| What happened while the person was unregistered: Committed a felony, other than a sex offense, against a minor | +6 | §2A3.5(b)(1)–(2) |
| What happened while the person was unregistered: Committed a sex offense against a minor | +8 | §2A3.5(b)(1)–(2) |
| What happened while the person was unregistered: Voluntarily fixed the failure, or tried to register but was blocked by circumstances outside the person's control | −3 | §2A3.5(b)(1)–(2) |
Important details
- A minor here is anyone under 18, including an undercover officer posing as one (§2A3.5, note 1).
- The calculator does not apply mandatory minimum sentences set by statute for this offense. If the statute of conviction requires one and it is higher than the range shown, the minimum controls; check the statute or ask a lawyer.
Frequently asked questions
What is the base offense level for failure to register as a sex offender (SORNA)?
The guideline for failure to register as a sex offender (SORNA) is §2A3.5 of the federal Sentencing Guidelines. Before any adjustments, its starting level depends on the facts: from level 12 to level 16. The table on this page lists each starting point.
What is the guideline range for failure to register as a sex offender (SORNA) with no criminal history points and a guilty plea?
Using the first starting point in the table on this page (level 12) alone, a person with no criminal history points who pleads guilty scores 0–6 months, including the 2-level zero-point reduction. The facts listed under “What changes the sentence” can add levels, and the judge can sentence outside the range.
Is probation possible for failure to register as a sex offender (SORNA)?
The guidelines allow it at the first starting point in the table: with a guilty plea and the zero-point reduction the range begins at 0 months (Zone A), so prison is not required, unless the offense is a Class A or B felony or the statute rules probation out (§5B1.1(b)). Added facts can raise the range out of Zone A.
Is the calculator accurate for failure to register as a sex offender (SORNA)?
It follows §2A3.5 of the Guidelines Manual effective November 1, 2025. It passed 5 review rounds, each comparing every number, rule and label with the manual text, and its last round found nothing to correct. Those reviews were done with AI tools, not by lawyers, and it has not yet been reviewed by an attorney, so mistakes are possible. The guidelines are advisory, and a lawyer who knows the case can tell you what actually applies.
Related offenses
- Aggravated Sex Offender Registration OffensesCommitted a serious new crime while required to registerVerified
- Promoting Commercial Sex (Adult)Promoted or arranged commercial sex acts involving an adultVerified
- Sex Trafficking or Enticement of a MinorEnticed, transported or trafficked a minor for illegal sexual conductVerified
- Production of Child Sexual Abuse MaterialUsed a minor to produce sexually explicit materialVerified
- Possession, Receipt or Distribution of Child Sexual Abuse MaterialHad, received or distributed material sexually exploiting a minorVerified
- Selling or Buying Children for ExploitationSold or bought a child for use in producing sexually explicit materialVerified
- Sexually Explicit Material RecordkeepingBroke record or labeling rules for sexually explicit materialVerified
- Child Exploitation EnterpriseTook part in a child exploitation enterpriseVerified